Epistemological Approach to Modern Artificial Intelligence

Modern Artificial Intelligence There are a number of contemporary goals for artificial intelligence. This truth is in part related to the fact that many of the basic goals of artificial intelligence that were initially conceived during the 20th century still have not been met. Many contemporary goals, therefore, have descended from these initial goals, and have simply incorporated more specific practices and uses for artificial intelligence. Essentially, the primary goal of contemporary artificial intelligence is to create some sort of life form or machine that has the cognitive ability to make life easier and more conventional for humans by performing and completing both complex and simple tasks. The logic behind this goal is sufficiently denoted in the following quotation, in which the principle ends of artificial intelligence are listed as efforts to develop an artificial entity that can learn and make decision in a complex, changing environment, affect that environment, and communicate in knowledge and choices to humans; that is, an entity that can think (Neapolitan, 2011, p. iii). In many different respects, this particular goal of artificial intelligence, to create an entity that can think and reason in a specific environment, has expanded with the scion of artificial intelligence known as Artificial General Intelligence. Artificial General Intelligence was developed within the past decade, and aims at a degree of specificity alluded to, yet not specificallyShow MoreRelatedArtificial Intelligence in Daily Life738 Words   |  3 Pagesmemory and advances in computer chip technology increased, the study of artificial intelligence and the idea of what might be possible for computers has also undergone a dramatic evolution. In fact, many contemporary computing applications at home, in vehicles, and in business already use Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a basis for many operations. Many of todays machines are designed to perform a specific task and function. Modern manufacturing has advan ced because of robotics, and certainly this hasRead MoreReturn to Curiosity: Privileging Wonder over Rationalism in Museum Displays and Learning1457 Words   |  6 Pagesthe rational. Shadowed by a sense that all knowledge is now possible, mystery and concepts of the unknowable have ceased to exist. This relatively modern loss of wonder can be seen in the history of the museum and its transition from the Cabinets of Curiosities (or Wunderkammer) of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, to the birth of the modern museum at the end of the eighteenth century. In this paper I argue that in contrast to the Wunderkammer which sought to generate curiosity, museum approachesRead MoreWhy Ability Assessments Dont Cross Cultures10050 Words   |  41 Pagespresuppositions about values, knowledge, and communication implicitly assumed by the test. These cross-cultural issues have important relevance for ability testing in an ethnically diverse society. ~la e thesis of this article is that tests of intelligence d cognitive ability are cultural genres (Cole, 85; Greenfield, in press; Lave, 1986). This thesis is identified with a theoretical perspective that has come to be known as cultural psychology (Bruner, 1990; Cole, 1990; Price-Williams, 1980; ShwederRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility10163 Words   |  41 Pagesof corporate social responsibility that should rightly exist within every companys infrastructure; however, the authors enlightening contentions enable the reader to realize that social integrity is not something that is often at the forefront of modern day business dealings. Ethics, business and society must work in tandem or there is no purpose for any of its existence. Unethical practices are what harbor ill will and create a climate of contempt and distrust, which is no way to run a businessRead MoreKnowledge Is Power6070 Words   |  25 Pagesgaining information. To better illustrate the relationship among these conceptions, Skyrme and Amidon (1997) proposed a diagram known as â€Å"the Pyramid of Knowledge† (see figure 1). This distinction made here has significant implication in practice. Modern technology makes it possible for business to have access to tons of information instantly, but it does not necessarily mean they can gain knowledge that way. As Davenport and Prusak (1998) defined, knowledge is different from information as it doesRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38427 Words   |  154 Pageswas a bestseller in both the UK and the US. The series, which took a year of research and another year to film at more than 100 locations in 22 countries, surveyed the history of technology and social change by tracing the evolution of eight major modern inventions: The atom bomb, telecommunications, computers, production lines, jet aircraft, plastics, rocketry, and television. In 1980 Burke wrote and presented Burke: The Real Thing, a BBC six-part series on reality and human perce ption. He is a regularRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38421 Words   |  154 Pageswas a bestseller in both the UK and the US. The series, which took a year of research and another year to film at more than 100 locations in 22 countries, surveyed the history of technology and social change by tracing the evolution of eight major modern inventions: The atom bomb, telecommunications, computers, production lines, jet aircraft, plastics, rocketry, and television. In 1980 Burke wrote and presented Burke: The Real Thing, a BBC six-part series on reality and human perception. He is a regularRead MoreEssay about Phd Comprehensive Exam. in Leadership15004 Words   |  61 Pagesas to the institutionalization of knowledge paradigms, may account for the fact there is a great deal of concurrence as to the nature of both qualitative and quantitative research methods. There seems to be almost universal agreement as to the epistemological and theoretical roots of each methodology. There is h owever, substantial disagreement as to the appropriateness of one methodology over the other. â€Å"The researcher’s view of reality is the cornerstone to all other assumptions, that is, whatRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesand Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wideRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pageshave a set of characteristics that make them what they are, amp; that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery amp; expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence While, Existentialism:A philosophical theory or approach, that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free amp; responsible agent, determining their own development through acts of the will. Existentialism * is a philosophical term which posits that individuals create the meaning

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Similarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism - 948 Words

Both Hinduism and Buddhism came from the region called India. Hinduism was the dominant one in the subcontinent, while Buddhism had to flee to other regions to spread its belief to the people. The creation of Hinduism will eventually give birth to Buddhism later on. Even though both â€Å"religions† came from the same region, they have some similarities and differences between them. Hinduism from the start was a combination of different beliefs or ceremonies from the Indus Valley Civilization. All of the tribal and local religious customs would later be assimilated into Hinduism. For example, Hinduism is a polytheistic religion because of the different gods that take part of the religion. In contrast, Buddhism is a religion that doesn’t necessarily believe of a higher divine. Also, Buddhism as mentioned before, was created from Hinduism because of tits founder Siddhartha. Hinduism and Buddhism share the origin from India, but India is predominantly Hindu and not Buddhis t. The difference is that Buddhism spread to other regions in the Asian continent while Hinduism stayed in one area. What makes India associated with Hinduism is that all of the customs that was absorbed into the religion that later helped create pilgrimages across the nation. Hinduism changed over time when it absorbed other customs into the current one. With the pilgrimages it lead to the creations of transportations and infrastructure in the nation because of the importance of the religion to the country ofShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism995 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast Essay Hinduism and Buddhism There are more than seven billion people living across the world and about 19 major religions with about 270 subgroups. In many states and countries, there are two or more religions that are being practiced by its residents. Hinduism and Buddhism are two of the 19 major religions, that are widely practiced. Hinduism and Buddhism both have common origins, and share similar beliefs. Both Hinduism and Buddhism are religions that focus on the way to liveRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism856 Words   |  4 PagesLearning about both Hinduism and Buddhism, particularly about the art and architecture of both cultures made me realize they are not that different as I thought first. Both cultures are beautiful and rich, and if someone takes a deeper look can see that they are depending on each other. Many people forget that Buddha was born into a Hindu society, and his views and beliefs which led to a brand new culture are based on Hinduism. Of course I am not saying the two are the same because that wouldn’tRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism863 Words   |  4 PagesPHIL 2120 Paper #1 Xinyang Wang Comparison of Permanence between Hinduism and Buddhism Hinduism and Buddhism have common origins in the Ganges culture of northern India around 500 BCE. We have to admit that they share a lot of similarities, but also involve tons of differences. For example, as Hinduism claims that Atman is Brahman, Buddhism reject the existence of Atman. Hindus think that the way to becoming enlightened is to union with God, but Buddhists pursue a throughout understanding of theRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism975 Words   |  4 PagesHinduism and Buddhism have a connected history as both of these religions use similar teachings and terminologies to maintain order among their respective followers and societies. Ideally a society’s religious teachings should contribute to its political, social, economic and cultural discussions. However, correlating this way of thinking to a political theology may prove to be difficult because most people have more important matters to be concerned about than adhering to morale. Various peopleR ead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism1351 Words   |  6 Pagesreligions, Hinduism and Buddhism, that came out of India thousands of years ago. Though these two religions are old, they are still practiced today by millions of followers within the continent of Asia and the West. First, I would like to introduce the religion of Hinduism. The term Hinduism was derived a river of South Asia, the Indus. This term was used by the ancient Persians to classify the people of that region of the North-West territory of the subcontinent. Indian religion, Hinduism, was theRead MoreSimilarities Between Buddhism And Hinduism1404 Words   |  6 Pages Buddhism and Hinduism are closely related when comparing the two. Buddhism was created based on the ideologies of Hinduism. There differences on their views with the idea of self and transmigration. They compare with one another with the problems of having senses, desires and anger. Hinduism believes in everything being unified together as one ultimate reality, which is Brahman. Brahman is the truth of all. Atman is considered as the true and pure self. Atman and Brahman are identical with oneRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism843 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the religion itself is fairly young. Take Hinduism and Buddhism, for example, which might be considered very similar in the fact that Buddhism was born from Hinduism. Although in Western context, Hinduism is referred to as a religion. Hindu traditionalists on the other-hand call it â€Å"Sanatana Dharma† and consider it a culture or a â€Å"way of life†. When we analyze the facts and break the two religions down, we can depict that both Hinduism and Buddhism have differences in views, practices, and beliefsRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism942 Words   |  4 PagesCCOT Essay Hinduism and Buddhism were both founded and popular in northern India by 600 CE. Although Hinduism and the Hindu caste system maintained a strong influence in South Asia throughout 600-1750 CE, the Hindu majority eventually gave way as Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, and syncretic faiths gradually moved in and across the Indian Ocean basin by 1750 CE. Even then, Hinduism did spread from northern India through southern India to Southeast Asia. The caste system was maintained from 600-1750Read MoreSimilarities and Difference Between Hinduism and Buddhism. Essay2345 Words   |  10 PagesSimilarities and difference between Hinduism and Buddhism. Buddhism believes in the process of reincarnation based on deeds of the present life. Hinduism also believes that everyone is a part of an impersonal world and therefore, ones soul reincarnates into another body of any being, based on the deeds of the present life. One has to work for salvation oneself and therefore, cannot blame others for the same. The salvation depends on the good deeds of a person. In Hinduism also, one attains salvationRead MoreThe Similarities and Differences between Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism1194 Words   |  5 Pagesteachings: Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. These three sects in religious thinking have many similarities as all recognize the life-cycle and the need of liberation, they worship one central deity that used to be a human who gained enlightenment and they all recognize the existence of the eternal soul and after-death re-incarnation. However, they also share a lot of differences that mark the underlying principles of practicing them. I will identify the scope of differences and similarities in these

The Problem Of Suicide And Suicide Essay - 1435 Words

Day to day, teens suffer from peer pressure, problem from home, and stress from academics. Despise their status in the environment, majority of high school students refrain from acknowledging the presence of their reality. The problem in most situations in that students feel shut in, trapped in a never ending misery. How do they cope? What are their ways of dealing? Most students live in denial. Others have friends to confide in. For the devastating part, most students are not as open to these ideas and it leaves them with this alternative: suicide. Suicide is the third leading cause in teens the ages 14 to 19 within rural underserved areas. Suicidal ideation (SI), suicidal thoughts, were surveyed in over 12 high schools and it was found that in the past year, thoughts of (SI) were not shared with peers or even adults in the pursuit of receiving help or support (Pisani, 2012). Because a student spends most of their day at school, it is ideal for schools to provide realistic opportun ities and school-based programs to assist with the suicide among the youth. The Surviving the Teens Suicide Prevention and Depression Awareness Program designed four 50 minute session or each high school student. This presented information in regards to factual information about depression, suicidal warning signs, suicidal risk factors and myths associated with suicide (King, 2010). The program provide coping strategies for everyday life, referral sources if feeling suicidal, and how to recognizeShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Teen Suicide1609 Words   |  7 PagesTeen suicide is one of the largest problems facing America at the moment, and it will only become worse if the country does not come up with a solution. â€Å"According to the American Psychiatric Association, suicide is the third leading cause of death for young people between eleven and eighteen years of age (Teen Suicide).† American families can not keep losing sons and daughters to this entirely preventable epid emic. The largest issue with teen suicide is that Americans are using largely outdatedRead MoreSuicide Is A Bigger Problem?1109 Words   |  5 PagesSuicide is going to claim more lives than any of us realize. As the people of America, we have very little knowledge of what suicide is doing. Suicide has turned into a bigger problem than anyone understands by claiming a higher percentage than any other reason for death in the US. It also has claimed an area of the country to host itself and is using the internet to ruin people’s lives. Suicide is a larger problem than other forms of death such as homicides and car crashes. In 2009, Suicide wasRead MoreThe Problem Of Teen Suicide976 Words   |  4 PagesTeen suicide is one of the leading causes of death among teens and a significant problem in the United States. Consequently, suicide is a tragedy not only for that person, but also for their family and friends that are left behind (Bell). Many teens of all races are affected by this intentional, self-inflicted death. Even though the causes of suicide can be hard to isolate, the signs can be linked to depression, drug abuse, emotional neglect of their parents, bullying, parents divorcing, sexualRead MoreThe Problem Of Teen Suicide856 Words   |  4 PagesTeen Suicide There is a large problem in Iowa, teen suicide. Suicide is the second leading cause of death of teenagers, ages 15-19 years old. From 2008 through 2012, there were 126 teenagers who decided to end their own life (Children’s Safety Network, 2015). Teen suicide is a problem because the teens that decide to commit suicide and succeed, won’t live to see how life gets better. Schools need to start Some causes of teen suicide could include depression, stress from school and personal lifeRead MoreThe Problem Of Suicide And Homelessness1359 Words   |  6 PagesSuicide and Homelessness Homeless adults are committing suicide every day. Half of most suicides happen in men, ages 25 through 65, with the teenagers and women accounting with the other half. Based on the calculated population, people commit suicide every 13.3 minutes (Peter Jon). Mental illness is the factor that causes these deaths; mental illness refers to disorder that affects mood, thinking and behavior, this is the most frequent cause for suicide. People who suffer from depression are impulsiveRead MoreThe Problem Of Veteran Suicide855 Words   |  4 Pagestime provides an opportunity for the military, the VA and our government to intercede and work with men and women while they are still soldiers. Veteran suicide is an epidemic, the number of veterans taking their life daily has been steadily growing, the statistic published by the VA is that twenty-two veterans end their lives every day (Suicide Data Report, 2012); steps have been taken to curb this number but the efforts have been woefully inadeq uate. Soldiers have long categorized themselves asRead MoreSenior Suicide : An Overlooked Problem1531 Words   |  7 PagesReferences Ellson, N. (2007). Senior suicide. New Jersey Nurse, 37(5), 5-9 2p. Monette, M. (2012). Senior suicide: An overlooked problem. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 184(17), E885-E886. doi:10.1503/cmaj.109-4287 Isometsà ¤ ET, Heikkinen ME, Marttunen MJ, Henriksson MM, Aro HM, Là ¶nnqvist JK. The last appointment before suicide: Is suicide intent communicated? Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:919-22. Suresh Kumar, P. N., Anish, P. K., George, B. (2015). Risk factors for suicide in elderly in comparison toRead MoreSuicide : A Serious Health Problem1689 Words   |  7 PagesSuicide as any other life threatening illness is beyond our knowledge to understand what exactly causes someone to kill themselves or even attempt too. Suicide is a serious health problem that takes an enormous effect on family, friends, communities, as well as active military personnel and veterans. Suicide is only a permanent solution to a temporary problem. Suicide risk factors are features or conditions that can increase the chances that a person might think of taking their life. The higherRead MoreYouth Suicide A Growing Problem Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pages Youth Suicide a Growing Problem Megan Roth September 7th 2015 Mineral Area College Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Associates of Nursing degree to Mr. Richard Wadlow Abstract The purpose of this paper is to research youth suicide. In this paper I plan to cover the basics of youth suicide, who is affected, warning signs to look for, how to help those with dealing with this issue and several research studies on youth suicide. Introduction I will be coveringRead MoreTeenage Suicide Is A Big Problem940 Words   |  4 Pagesabout it. Teen suicide is a BIG problem. â€Å"Adolescent suicide continues to be a major cause of death of our youth. The National Center for Health Statistics (1996) has found suicide to be the 3rd leading cause of death for 15-24 year olds, behind only accidents and homicide and the tenth leading cause of death in children under the age of fifteen (Ellis Lane, qtd in â€Å"Do Increasing Adolescent†. As stated by these facts, even though they are out of date, suicide is on the rise. Suicide is an important

Effectiveness of the Criminal Justice System free essay sample

The criminal justice system discuss the effectiveness of legal and non-legal measures in achieving justice. The criminal justice system within Australia is the means through which those who break rules stipulated within legislation and legal regulations are brought to justice in the form of punishment. The legal and non-legal measures implemented are applied across all aspects of crime. The legal measures include all institutions and processes enabled by law to deal with aspects of the criminal justice system. We will write a custom essay sample on Effectiveness of the Criminal Justice System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Non-legal measures include diversionary programs such as restorative justice. The use of non-legal measure in achieving justice is generally seen when dealing with young offenders. It is used in an attempt to allow the rehabilitation and enable the reintegration of young offenders into society. Non-legal measures allow society to contribute to the criminal justice system, generating a sense of involvement resulting in satisfaction concerning the operation and procedures of the criminal justice system. The criminal investigation process is the process through which various law enforcement institutions investigate crimes committed in an attempt to prosecute the offenders and achieve some means of justice. There are both legal and non-legal measures in place, which have been implemented and contribute to the effectiveness of the criminal investigation process. Police are given powers to aid in the implementation of legislation through the Law Enforcement (Powers and Responsibilities) Act 2002 (NSW) and the Crimes (Criminal Organisations Control) Act 2009 (NSW). Police have the responsibility to protect the community and enforce the law. However there has been criticism that the passing of the Crimes (Criminal Organisations Control) Act 2009 (NSW) is too harsh and provides police with powers that are too great. As technology becomes an increasingly common medium for crime police need to adapt to greater integrate technology into their processes used to combat crime. However some forms of technological advancement have been identified as unnecessary violation of privacy, such as CCTV surveillance and DNA collection. Those arrested in the belief that they have committed a crime are generally granted bail unless there are good reasons not to do so. This shows the effectiveness of the criminal investigation process in removing those who pose a significant threat to society. Citizens have an important role within the criminal investigation process by reporting crime. Various programs established assist police in identifying crime and help promote a sense of community participation in solving crimes. This includes the Crime Stoppers Program, which is a community-based program that was introduced into NSW in 1989. It is designed to allow the community to report information about criminal activity anonymously. Strategies need to be implemented to encourage the participation of citizens in reporting crime, therefore enabling a more effective system of crime identification in the criminal investigation process. Through the use of both legal and non-legal measures the criminal investigation process has been able to improve its effectiveness in achieving justice. The criminal trial process allows both the defence and prosecution to provide evidence in an attempt to prove their case, establishing whether the accused is guilty or not guilty. Once formal charges have been laid against a person, a hearing or trial of the accused will need to take place in the appropriate court. There are many different courts that allow judges and magistrates to be more specialised in the matters heard in various courts, such as family or children/young offenders. The specialisation of courts and their corresponding magistrates allows greater understanding in motive and circumstances surrounding the crime which will further heighten their ability to set an appropriate punishment that will be most effective in rehabilitating the accused. There are various rules which restrict what questions lawyers can ask and which questions must be asked by witnesses. These rules have been developed in order to try and keep the process fair to both sides and ensure consistency between trials. The implementation of legal aid ensures that poorer offenders have access to the legal system and receive a fair trial. The measures both legal and non-legal through the criminal trial process ensure that each offender receives a fair trial in which they can be correctly convicted and effectively sentenced. Furthermore, throughout sentencing and punishment various legal and non-legal measures have been implemented to ensure that sentences for those convicted are appropriate and effective to enable rehabilitation and reintegration into society and provide the community with a sense of justice and security. The provision of statutory and judicial guidelines means that limits are placed on a judge’s discretion when sentencing, thus ensuring sentencing consistency. These guidelines were established in relation to the case R v. Jurisic (1998). The defendant Jurisic, pleaded guilty to three charges of dangerous driving occasioning in grievous bodily harm. He was found under the influence of cocaine on one of these charges. He was sentences to 18 months home detention, lost his driver’s licence for one year and was put on a good behaviour bond for two years. This was through to be lenient and was appealed by the DPP. The appeal was upheld and the sentence was replaced by two years imprisonment and two years disqualification of his driver’s licence. Chief Justice Spiegelman said there was a need for a system of guidelines to increase public confidence in sentencing. The Supreme Court of New South Wales then published the sentencing guidelines as a result. The criminal trial process allows for a vast range of penalty options, allowing judges and magistrates to effectively select the most appropriate to ensure the rehabilitation of the offender and create a sense of justice amongst the community. The Crimes (Sentencing and Procedure) Act 1999 allows the court to order that a person be discharged, provided they enter into an agreement to participate in an intervention program. This is particularly effective in rehabilitating those whose crimes are arise from a severe drug or gambling addiction. It shows the community that the criminal justice system is aimed at helping those who have committed crimes to be rehabilitated in order to reintegrate into the wider community. In conclusion, the legal and non-legal measures of the criminal justice system are effective in achieving justice as they are specialised and adaptable. When issues arise relating to the effectiveness, the state government and courts and able to quickly resolve the issue, as seen with the implementation of sentencing guidelines. The regulations and rules allow for consistency throughout the trial and sentencing process, providing the accused with a fair trial and the community with a sense of security and achievement of justice.

Info On Tedd And Wilson Essay Research free essay sample

Info On Tedd And Wilson Essay, Research Paper Fun Fact: Sheep on the White House lawn? A flock of sheep grazed during Woodrow Wilson # 8217 ; s term. Their wool was sold to raise money for the Red Cross during World War I. Fast Fact: Woodrow Wilson tried in vain to convey the United States into the League of Nations. Biography: Like Roosevelt before him, Woodrow Wilson regarded himself as the personal representative of the people. # 8220 ; No 1 but the President, # 8221 ; he said, # 8220 ; seems to be expected # 8230 ; to look out for the general involvements of the country. # 8221 ; He developed a plan of progressive reform and asserted international leading in constructing a new universe order. In 1917 he proclaimed American entryway into World War I a campaign to do the universe # 8220 ; safe for democracy. # 8221 ; Wilson had seen the frightfulness of war. He was born in Virginia in 1856, the boy of a Presbyterian curate who during the Civil War was a curate in Augusta, Georgia, and during Reconstruction a professor in the charred metropolis of Columbia, South Carolina. After graduation from Princeton ( so the College of New Jersey ) and the University of Virginia Law School, Wilson earned his doctors degree at Johns Hopkins University and entered upon an academic calling. In 1885 he married Ellen Louise Axson. Wilson advanced quickly as a conservative immature professor of political scientific discipline and became president of Princeton in 1902. His turning national repute led some conservative Democrats to see him Presidential lumber. First they persuaded him to run for Governor of New Jersey in 1910. In the run he asserted his independency of the conservativists and of the machine that had nominated him, backing a progressive platform, which he pursued as governor. He was nominated for President at the 1912 Democratic Convention and campaigned on a plan called the New Freedom, which stressed individuality and provinces # 8217 ; rights. In the tripartite election he received merely 42 per centum of the popular ballot but an overpowering electoral ballot. Wilson maneuvered through Congress three major pieces of statute law. The first was a lower duty, the Underwood Act ; attached to the step was a calibrated Federal income revenue enhancement. The transition of the Federal Reserve Act provided the State with the more elastic money supply it severely needed. In 1914 antimonopoly statute law established a Federal Trade Commission to forbid unjust concern patterns. Another explosion of statute law followed in 1916. One new jurisprudence prohibited child labour ; another limited railway workers to an eight-hour twenty-four hours. By virtuousness of this statute law and the motto # 8220 ; he kept us out of war, # 8221 ; Wilson narrowly won re-election. But after the election Wilson concluded that America could non stay impersonal in the World War. On April 2,1917, he asked Congress for a declaration of war on Germany. Massive American attempt easy tipped the balance in favour of the Allies. Wilson went before Congress in January 1918, to pronounce American war aims # 8211 ; the Fourteen Points, the last of which would set up # 8220 ; A general association of states # 8230 ; affording common warrants of political independency and territorial unity to great and little provinces alike. # 8221 ; After the Germans signed the Armistice in November 1918, Wilson went to Paris to seek to construct an digesting peace. He subsequently presented to the Senate the Versailles Treaty, incorporating the Covenant of the League of Nations, and asked, # 8220 ; Dare we reject it and interrupt the bosom of the universe? # 8221 ; But the election of 1918 had shifted the balance in Congress to the Republicans. By seven ballots the Versailles Treaty failed in the Senate. The President, against the warnings of his physicians, had made a national circuit to mobilise public sentiment for the pact. Exhausted, he suffered a shot and about died. Tenderly nursed by his 2nd married woman, Edith Bolling Galt, he lived until 1924 By 1910 Taft # 8217 ; s party was divided, and an overpowering ballot swept the Democrats back into control of Congress. Two old ages subsequently, Woodrow Wilson, the Democratic, progressive governor of the province of New Jersey, campaigned against Taft, the Republican campaigner, and against Roosevelt who, rejected as a campaigner by the Republican convention, had organized a 3rd party, the Progressives. Wilson, in a spirited run, defeated both challengers. Under his leading, the new Congress enacted one of the most noteworthy legislative plans in American history. Its first undertaking was tariff alteration. # 8220 ; The duty responsibilities must be altered, # 8221 ; Wilson said. # 8220 ; We must get rid of everything that bears any gloss of privilege. # 8221 ; The Underwood Tariff, signed on October 3, 1913, provided significant rate decreases on imported natural stuffs and groceries, cotton and woollen goods, Fe and steel, and removed the responsibilities from more than a 100 other points. Although the act retained many protective characteristics, it was a echt effort to take down the cost of life. The 2nd point on the Democratic plan was a long delinquent, thorough reorganisation of the inflexible banking and currency system. # 8220 ; Control, # 8221 ; said Wilson, # 8220 ; must be public, non private, must be vested in the authorities itself, so that the Bankss may be the instruments, non the Masterss, of concern and of single endeavor and initiative. # 8221 ; The Federal Reserve Act of December 23, 1913, was one of Wilson # 8217 ; s most abiding legislative achievements. It imposed upon the bing banking system a new organisation that divided the state into 12 territories, with a Federal Reserve Bank in each, all supervised by a Federal Reserve Board. These Bankss were to function as depositaries for the hard currency militias of those Bankss that joined the system. Until the Federal Reserve Act, the U.S. authorities had left control of its money supply mostly to unregulated private Bankss. While the official medium of exchange was gilded coins, most loans and payments were carried out with bank notes, backed by the promise of salvation in gold. The problem with this system was that the Bankss were tempted to make beyond their hard currency militias, motivating periodic terrors during which fearful depositors raced to turn their bank paper into coin. With the transition of the act, greater flexibleness in the money supply was assured, and proviso was made for publishing federal modesty notes to run into concern demands. The following of import undertaking was trust ordinance and probe of corporate maltreatments. Congress authorized a Federal Trade Commission to publish orders forbiding # 8220 ; unjust methods of competition # 8221 ; by concern concerns in interstate trade. A 2nd jurisprudence, the Clayton Antitrust Act, forbade many corporate patterns that had therefore far at large specific disapprobation # 8212 ; meshing board of directorss, monetary value favoritism among buyers, usage of the injunction in labour differences and ownership by one corporation of stock in similar endeavors. Farmers and other workers were non forgotten. A federal loan act made recognition available to husbandmans at low rates of involvement. The Seamen # 8217 ; s Act of 1915, improved life and working conditions on board ships. The Federal Workingman # 8217 ; s Compensation Act in 1916 authorised allowances to civil service employees for disablements incurred at work. The Adamson Act of the same twelvemonth established an eight-hour twenty-four hours for railway labour. The record of accomplishment tungsten on Wilson a steadfast topographic point in American history as one of the nation’s first political reformists. However, his domestic repute would shortly be overshadowed by his record as a wartime president who led his state to triumph but could non keep the support of his people for the peace that followed. Conservation as the Guardian of Democracy Fast Fact: Theodore Roosevelt, nature lover and environmentalist, championed the strenuous life. Biography: With the blackwash of President McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, non rather 43, became the youngest President in the Nation # 8217 ; s history. He brought new exhilaration and power to the Presidency, as he smartly led Congress and the American public toward progressive reforms and a strong foreign policy. He took the position that the President as a # 8220 ; steward of the people # 8221 ; should take whatever action necessary for the public good unless expressly forbidden by jurisprudence or the Constitution. # 8221 ; I did non usurp power, # 8221 ; he wrote, # 8220 ; but I did greatly broaden the usage of executive power. # 8221 ; Roosevelt # 8217 ; s youth differed aggressively from that of the log cabin Presidents. He was born in New York City in 1858 into a affluent household, but he excessively struggled # 8211 ; against ill wellness # 8211 ; and in his victory became an advocator of the strenuous life. In 1884 his first married woman, Alice Lee Roosevelt, and his female parent died on the same twenty-four hours. Roosevelt spent much of the following two old ages on his spread in the Badlands of Dakota Territory. There he mastered his sorrow as he lived in the saddle, driving cowss, runing large game # 8211 ; he even captured an criminal. On a visit to London, he married Edith Carow in December 1886. During the Spanish-American War, Roosevelt was lieutenant colonel of the Rough Rider Regiment, which he led on a charge at the conflict of San Juan. He was one of the most conspicuous heroes of the war. Boss Tom Platt, necessitating a hero to pull attending off from dirts in New York State, accepted Roosevelt as the Republican campaigner for Governor in 1898. Roosevelt won and served with differentiation. As President, Roosevelt held the ideal that the Government should be the great supreme authority of the conflicting economic forces in the Nation, particularly between capital and labour, vouching justness to each and distributing favours to none. Roosevelt emerged stunningly as a # 8220 ; trust fellow # 8221 ; by coercing the disintegration of a great railway combination in the Northwest. Other antimonopoly suits under the Sherman Act followed. Roosevelt steered the United States more actively into universe political relations. He liked to cite a favourite adage, # 8220 ; Speak quietly and transport a large stick. . . . # 8221 ; Aware of the strategic demand for a cutoff between the Atlantic and Pacific, Roosevelt ensured the building of the Panama Canal. His corollary to the Monroe Doctrine prevented the constitution of foreign bases in the Caribbean and arrogated the exclusive right of intercession in Latin America to the United States. He won the Nobel Peace Prize for interceding the Russo-Japanese War, reached a Gentleman # 8217 ; s Agreement on in-migration with Japan, and sent the Great White Fleet on a goodwill circuit of the universe. Some of Theodore Roosevelt # 8217 ; s most effectual accomplishments were in preservation. He added tremendously to the national woods in the West, reserved lands for public usage, and fostered great irrigation undertakings. He crusaded infinitely on affairs large and little, exciting audiences with his high-pitched voice, stick outing jaw, and thumping fist. # 8220 ; The life of strenuous enterprise # 8221 ; was a must for those around him, as he romped with his five younger kids and led embassadors on hikings through Rock Creek Park in Washington, D.C. Leaving the Presidency in 1909, Roosevelt went on an African campaign, so jumped back into political relations. In 1912 he ran for President on a Progressive ticket. To newsmans he one time remarked that he felt every bit fit as a bull elk, the name of his new party. While runing in Milwaukee, he was shot in the thorax by a overzealous. Roosevelt shortly recovered, but his words at that clip would hold been applicable at the clip of his decease in 1919: # 8220 ; No adult male has had a happier life than I have led ; a happier life in every way. # 8221 ; It was clear to many people # 8212 ; notably President Theodore Roosevelt and Progressive leaders in the Congress such as Wisconsin Senator Robert LaFollette # 8212 ; that most of the jobs reformists were concerned about could be solved merely if dealt with on a national graduated table. Roosevelt, who was passionately interested in reform and determined to give the people what he called a # 8220 ; Square Deal, # 8221 ; initiated a policy of increased authorities supervising in the enforcement of antimonopoly Torahs. Subsequently, extension of authorities supervising over the railwaies prompted the transition of major regulative measures. One of the measures made published rates the lawful criterion, and shippers every bit apt with railwaies for discounts. Roosevelt # 8217 ; s dramatic personality and his # 8220 ; trust-busting # 8221 ; activities captured the imaginativeness of the ordinary person, and blessing of his progressive steps cut across party lines. In add-on, the abounding prosperity of the state at this clip led people to experience satisfied with the party in office. His triumph in the 1904 election was assured. Emboldened by a sweeping electoral victory, Roosevelt applied fresh finding to the cause of reform. In his first one-year message to Congress after his reelection, he called for still more drastic railway ordinance, and in June 1906 Congress passed the Hepburn Act. This gave the Interstate Commerce Commission existent authorization in modulating rates, extended the legal power of the committee and forced the railwaies to give up their engagement involvements in steamer lines and coal companies. Conservation of the state # 8217 ; s natural resources, seting an terminal to uneconomical development of natural stuffs and the renewal of broad stretches of ignored land were among the other major accomplishments of the Roosevelt epoch. The president had called for a far-reaching and incorporate plan of preservation, renewal and irrigation every bit early as 1901 in his first one-year message to Congress. Whereas his predecessors had set aside 18,800,000 hectares of forest for saving and Parkss, Roosevelt increased the country to 59,200,000 hectares and began systematic attempts to forestall forest fires and to retimber bald piece of lands. New Nationalism in U.S. history, political doctrine of Theodore Roosevelt, an bridal of active federal intercession to advance societal justness and the economic public assistance of the underprivileged ; its principles were strongly influenced by Herbert Croly # 8217 ; s The Promise of American Life ( 1910 ) . Roosevelt used the phrase # 8220 ; New Nationalism # 8221 ; in a 1910 address in which he attempted to accommodate the broad and conservative wings of the Republican Party. Unsuccessful, he became a Progressive and went on to proclaim his thoughts as that party # 8217 ; s presidential campaigner in the election of November 1912. His plan called for a great addition of federal power to modulate interstate industry and a sweeping plan of societal reform designed to set human rights above belongings rights. With the Republican ballot split, Roosevelt and his New Nationalism went down to get the better of before Democratic campaigner Woodrow Wilson and his New Freedom.

Forbidden Love Essay Example For Students

Forbidden Love Essay True love is something that can happen no matter the circumstances of the situation. Whether you are a poor beggar boy chasing after the heart of a princess, a chivalrous and courageous Knight immensely in love with the queen that youve vowed protection to, or whether your families are hated enemies of one another, it is possible for love to take root and blossom. It also could be the simple attraction to what we cannot have, the forbidden. Regardless of the reason, love of these kinds has spawned off wonderful and inspirational stories. Stories about such couples as Aladdin, Sir Lancelot, Romeo and their lovely ladies have all helped to keep the dream alive. It is the dream that love, although forbidden, or seemly impossible, with great sacrifice is achievable. I can show you the world shining, shimmering, splendid. Tell me princess, when was the last time you let your heart decide? Aladdin and Jasmine will forever be remembered by their magical carpet ride across the night sky, through the clouds, and over the lighted desert city of Agrabah. This Middle-Eastern based romance is only a cartoon, but it does illustrate clearly the aspect of forbidden love. Aladdin, a poor beggar boy from the streets of Agrabah, wished to prove to everyone that he was much more than what they thought he was, a street rat. One day, he helped a young girl in the market place and he began to fall in love with her, not realizing her true identity in the beginning. The young girl in actuality is none other than the princess of his kingdom, Princess Jasmine, and fortunately for him she returned his love. Although the princess could only wed a royal suitor, Aladdin believed that someday he would be able to have his princess. As luck would have it, a mysterious old man took him to the incredible Cave of Wonders, in search of a magical lamp. Aladdin used this lamp to free the genie inside. With the help of the genie, Aladdin was able to save his kingdom from impending doom. This act off goodness convinced the Sultan that Aladdin was a worthy suitor for his daughter Jasmine. King, Queens, and Knights in shining armor are all that a great epic romance needs to be successful. One such story is that of Sir Lancelot and his love affair with the very queen he swore protection to, Queen Guinevere. Guinevere was the beloved queen of King Arthur, the founder of Camelot. As the champion of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere and premiere Knight of Arthurs court, Lancelot was an unstoppable warrior. He almost never met defeat and quickly defeated all comers in or out of armor and regardless of the number of his foes. However, he was defeated, but only by the power of love. He was unable to control his love for the queen of Camelot and she returned his love, making it harder for either of them to deny it. They  felt this love so strongly for each other they were willing to destroy all that King Arthur had worked for during his entire life, just so they could be together. Lancelot was Arthurs best friend and most trusted knight, and Guinevere was his wife and his queen, yet they continued their relationship together. Camelot fell, as they knew it would, and feeling the guilt of it, Guinevere and Lancelot decided they must separate. Lancelot became a monk and lived as a penitent until his death, and Guinevere did nearly the same. She went to a nunnery spending the rest of her life in repentance and serving God, hoping for forgiveness for what she and Lancelot had done. An unfortunate end to such a romance, but a tragedy such as this immortalizes the tale for all of history and the days that precede it. .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716 , .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716 .postImageUrl , .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716 , .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716:hover , .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716:visited , .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716:active { border:0!important; } .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716:active , .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716 .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5421b87d6db32cfbd9a0d0a1526f0716:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The book "Culture Jam" EssayOh Romeo, Romeo. Wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love and Ill no longer be a Capulet. `Tis only thy name that is my enemy. A rose by any other name would smell as sweet. Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet must be the most famous romantic couple of all time. Their love was forbidden by social status. Their families did more than not approve of their love for each other; the Montagues and the Capulets were archenemies. Even though centuries of hate ran through their blood, the love of their hearts cleansed the hatred with every beat. It is sad their lives would not last as long as t heir love. Romeo, hearing that Juliet was dead, went to see for himself and he found it to be true. He soon killed himself beside her body, not wanting to live another moment on this earth without his beloved Juliet. After he died Juliet awoke from her induced comatose-like sleep to find Romeo committed suicide because he thought she was really dead. Juliet, overwhelmed with remorse for causing the death of her lover, killed herself as well. Both Romeo and Juliet choose not to live life without the other. These tales are only a few examples of forbidden love. It is not that clear whether any of these stories are fiction or non-fiction, but one thing is for certain, many people experience forbidden love like this. Love finds a way and with that thought, cannot be erased by laws or rules. It is the fabric that never fades, no matter how often it is washed in the waters of grief. Love is the power that motivates hope, and hope is what makes us live today as if tomorrow were yesterday. Aladdin and Jasmine, Sir Lancelot and Lady Guinevere, and Romeo and Juliet all saw this and chased their love and proved that even the most forbidden of loves is possible as long as they are willing to sacrifice.

Max Factor Japan free essay sample

More specifically, after the acquisition of Max Factor Japan and success in its SK-II line, questions are raised about whether global expansion is feasible and profitable as a franchise. De Cesare ran this skin-care line in Japan, but he reported directly to Lafley. This is crucial because global expansion would require Lafley’s approval in budgeting and organizational support. PG recently went through major organizational changes over a period of six years known as O2005. This created huge questions in the strategy that would be put together in the case of a global expansion for SK-II. Within the U.S. Procter Gamble originally followed an organizational structure consisting of seven different divisions that were furthermore shattered into 26 distinct categories. Each category had its own RD, supply management and marketing. In addition, the international organization was divided into four regions that were then broken down individually by country. We will write a custom essay sample on Max Factor Japan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The GM’s of each country and each of the four individual regions were uniquely held responsible for earnings. This would create conflict and resistance in unifying the company due to cultural issues affecting sales in certain countries. Originally, PG was a failure in Japan. They failed to understand and accommodate to local culture and its demands, as well as ignoring the fierce competition. Believing in Japan as a key place for the beauty business, the decision to pursue success was held. Finally, in 1999, when Jager was named CEO serious organizational structures were started: O2005. RD spending was increased by 3% while reducing expenses. Cutting costs was made to become more efficient overall as an organization, but it would come at a painful price by reducing the workforce and taking a hit of $1. 9 billion dollars over five years. More importantly, he changed the structure of four regional VP’s to seven GBU’s (Global Business Units). This came with a change in responsibilities and mentality. The key to this reconstruction of organization was based on the principle that constant innovation of products will promote growth. To encourage risk taking and innovation, the heads of the GBU’s and management were placed on a performance-based compensation which could dramatically increase earnings. The ultimate goal was to standardize the RD, manufacturing and marketing across the company disregarding culture as much as possible. This was meant to increase communication between former countries GM’s and become more efficient and effective in innovating products. Porter’s Diamond-Model: Using Porter’s five forces model in PG’s structure and strategy to face the international markets, it is convenient to analyze it using the Porter Diamond analysis. These include: factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, firm strategy and its structure and rivalry, government, and chance. The theory suggests that all these factors are interconnected. First of all, the SK-II is a skin-product line originated in Japan that requires a six to eight step procedure to have its max benefits. It is intended to be priced as a high-end product vs. the Olay in the United States. PG have a huge competitive advantage which is their enormous RD power. It allows for their global RD groups to work together through the company’s Beauty Care GLT. This permits the technologists of RD to make changes to the product as needed to individual cultures. Thanks to PG’s already established global structure, individual needs are more effectively and efficiently met. Speaking solely about SK-II expansion, the massive global technologically based RD can serve as a competitive advantage. Japan is the world’s leading consumer of beauty products per capita. Thus, the demand for highly effective beauty products is always off the charts in Japan. PG put their best technologist across the world (especially Japan) to create a multi-step product that not only cleaned, but also moisturized and toned the skin. Basically, it was a 360 type of product. Due to market differences, Olay used the same technology but portrayed as a cheaper version to successfully sell in the US. With more efforts in packaging and selling, SK-II created a loyal consumer in Japan even with all the competition from other companies. About 45% of total SK-11 sales came from Taiwan and Hong-Kong. These two modern Chinese descendent populations followed trends in beauty from Japan. As a result, it was a successful launch that inspired furthermore expansion into the rest of China. Japan being the Paris/New York/Milan of the Asian continent, women in nearby markets are influenced by the larger market share holders. Sk-11 proven success and loyal base can be another competitive advantage. In 1999, under CEO Jager, the company was going through a colossal structural change known as O2005. As a result, new people were given new responsibilities as well as shifting of jobs. This created a cross-company confusion of who does what. The best way to describe the old structure of the company is through the following quote by former VP of overseas operations Mr. Walter Lingle:† We must tailor our products to meet consumer demands in each nation. But we must create local country subsidiaries whose structure policies and practices are as exact a replica of the US Procter and Gamble organization as it is possible to create. † This talks about an organization where operations of products are managed independently within the local market by a GM. With O2005, standardization becomes the main goal. Instead of putting economical responsibilities on GMs’ like before which stumped growth, each of the seven business units were now responsible for profits. When SK-II was created and brought to the market, a unified RD team worked on the technology behind it. A standardized process was used in the manufacturing of the product. In  contrast, as I explained earlier, Olay and SK-II used different packaging and sailing methods to more effectively penetrate different markets (US and Japan). This was an important factor in success of the product. Local research was needed to do this. PG’s O2005 conflicts with the way SK-II is proposing to handle a global expansion plan. Thus, in order to increase the chances of success in international markets outside of Japan, PG will have to conduct local research in individual markets. Refusal to do not tweak O2005 for the SK-II expansion can result in a loss. As mentioned in the case study, de Cesare has three different options in routes to take in order to increase growth of Max Factor Japan; Expansion within Japan, go into mainland China, or tap the European market. Europe: European women come mostly from developed countries. Therefore, they are very educated when it comes to fashion, culture, and beauty. Beauty-line products are nothing new in these waters. Unlike the US and other markets, European women appreciate high-end beauty products and are almost as demanding as the Japanese women. It is no surprise that some of the world’s most renowned brands are from Europe. Some of the brands mentioned in the case are Chanel, Dior, and Clinique among others. Not only do these brands hold the grand majority of market share, but it is equally distributed between them. This creates a very low threat of a new entrant in the market. These brands form significantly high entry-barriers due to their popularity and loyal customer base. To make things worse, the threat of substitution for SK-II is very high in its current market because a company like Clinique is as popular as Coca-Cola is in the beverage industry. These companies have the money and other resources to create equal, if not superior products to SK-II. Finally, the bargaining power of suppliers is low. Yet, due to the competition level in the European market, the consumers have high bargaining power. Japan: One of the main reasons that Max Factor Japan had harsh time in its first 12 years under PG was because of the lack of understanding of the distribution systems in Japan. To add on, the women in Japan are extremely ‘picky’ when it comes to beauty products. Your product has to truly differentiate and gain loyalty from the consumers in order to remain as a leader of the Japanese beauty market. This reasoning explains why the threats of new entrants are very low. Japan has also slowed down in growth to 6% in the two years prior to 1999. So, not only is there an established oligopoly, but the growth is limited. Why would any company that doesn’t know the Japanese market want to even make an attempt at a suicidal mission? Due to this fierce competition within the big market share holders, innovation is crucial. Clearly, the threat of a substitute product developed by a competitor in the market is relatively high at any given point. The constant competition within the main players allows the consumer to have a high bargaining power. However, the bargaining power of supplies is low in Japan. China: The case study shows a growth rate of 28% in the previous two years (before 1999) in the beauty market. The case study also talks about a potential 30-40% annual growth in the future. Thus, the opportunity for growth is tremendous. The market share is still ‘up for grabs’. From this we can conclude the threat of new entrants is very high. China is unique because it there is an immense social class gap. A lot of mainland China is very poor. In fact, the average monthly salary of the Chinese woman is equal to a three month supply of SK-II! In the other hand, the special economic zones in China vary drastically in culture and economy. The astronomical growth in the beauty market in China takes some pressure away from competition within the bigger players. Some main European and Japanese brands are already expanding in China. Due to its early stage though, the bargaining power of both suppliers and buyers is low. Nevertheless, the risks of substitutes are high once again because of the RD power of the current competitors. It is important to have in mind that SK-II business model is to sell as a high-end product. While the very few citizens with the big bucks can provide a lot of revenue, it is also depended on SK-II being able to capture the limited higher-income society. Recommendations and conclusion: Throughout this analysis, we take a look at Porter’s five forces model to determine the pros and cons of global expansion as proposed by de Cesare. A recurring factor in the global expansion is the threat of a substitute. It is clear there exists sharp and fierce competition within and Japan and in global markets. This can be very costly. Max Factor Japan should take a very careful look at individual markets it wishes to pursue and identify distribution channels as well as a target market to have success. Learning from the mistakes of others is the cheapest way to establish a competitive strategy. Overall, I suggest that the safest and most logical route is to keep pursuing larger market share within Japan. SK-II already has a loyal consumer base, and through the innovative BIS, sales can significantly increase for a low cost and risk. In order to successfully expand into other markets, I believe that while still a significant 3% market share, it is not big enough to compete against the bigger players in the world. In Europe, a possible $10 million in sales by year four while absorbing a $1-2 million annual loss for the first few years is a risk not worth taking. Some of the world’s biggest players already dominate an educated and loyal consumer market. In addition, the distribution channels used by Max Factor Japan are completely different from the popular perfumeries in Europe. It is true that the UK is seeing massive growth in the skin-care market, but the research conducted wasn’t very clear. If success is expected out of a lot of money and effort from PG, then more in-depth research should be conducted. At last, the Chinese market is very young. There is tremendous opportunity to make money in China. It is of significant value to point out the success of SK-II in similar cultures to the rest of China such as Hong Kong and Taiwan. The fact that SK-II is a high end product, it is subject to import duties of 35-40%. Although this is true, break-even is projected within three years. Due to the differences in economies in different sectors of China, it is crucial that Max Factor Japan determines which group of people or cities it is going to target, even if it goes against the PG overall goals. Perhaps experimenting in Shanghai or Beijing would be a good trial before expanding into the rest of China. It is extremely important to not let the big European and other Japanese players conquer the huge Chinese market first; that’s if SK-II ever wants to become a world known brand.